The Islamic Golden Age — Baghdad & Córdoba

__________________

Solve each equation by isolating the variable. Use inverse operations. Show your work.

Part 1: x + p = q (addition equations)

1. x + 4 = 11. x = _____

2. n + 12 = 25. n = _____

3. y + 8 = 20. y = _____

4. x + 1.5 = 4. x = _____

5. x + 2/3 = 1. x = _____

Part 2: x − p = q (subtraction equations)

6. x − 5 = 9. x = _____

7. n − 7 = 14. n = _____

8. y − 3.2 = 6.8. y = _____

9. x − 1/4 = 1/2. x = _____

Part 3: px = q (multiplication equations)

10. 3x = 18. x = _____

11. 7n = 56. n = _____

12. 5y = 12.5. y = _____

13. 2x = 1/3. x = _____

Part 4: x/p = q (division equations)

14. x/4 = 6. x = _____

15. n/9 = 3. n = _____

16. y/2 = 1.5. y = _____

Part 5: Word problems

17. A Roman trader has x denarii. After receiving 25 more, his total is 75. Write and solve the equation: x + 25 = _____, x = _____

18. A team of 6 legionaries shares b loaves of bread equally. If each receives 4, write and solve: b/_____ = _____, b = _____

19. A Roman engineer's aqueduct delivers 3 liters per second. If x seconds are needed to fill a 240-liter pool, write and solve: 3x = _____, x = _____ seconds.

__________________ Score: _____ / 10

1. Is x = 6 a solution to x + 4 = 10? _____

2. Is n = 5 a solution to 3n = 18? _____

3. For x > 7, which of {5, 7, 9, 12} are solutions? _____

4. Solve: x + 9 = 23. x = _____

5. Solve: n − 6 = 14. n = _____

6. Solve: 4x = 32. x = _____

7. Solve: y/3 = 8. y = _____

8. Solve: x + 1.5 = 4.2. x = _____

9. A Roman trader's goods cost x denarii. With a 30-denarii shipping fee, total is 280. Find x. Equation: _____, x = _____

10. A box of 8 amphorae costs 64 sestertii equally. Cost per amphora = _____ sestertii.

__________________ Score: _____ / 15

1. Is x = 9 a solution to x + 7 = 16? _____

2. Solve: x + 8 = 20. x = _____

3. Solve: n − 4 = 13. n = _____

4. Solve: 5x = 45. x = _____

5. Solve: y/6 = 4. y = _____

6. A triangle has base 16 m, height 9 m. Area = _____ m².

7. A parallelogram has base 8 m, height 5 m. Area = _____ m².

8. A trapezoid has parallel sides 6 cm and 10 cm, height 4 cm. Area = _____ cm².

9. A box: l = 9, w = 4, h = 3. V = _____

10. A box: l = 3.5, w = 2, h = 1. V = _____

11. A cube has 8 cm edges. SA = _____ cm².

12. A box: l = 12, w = 6, h = 4. SA = _____

13. A Roman engineer's aqueduct fills 5 liters per second. Time to fill 600 L: x × 5 = 600. x = _____ seconds.

14. A Han imperial garden is a 15 m × 8 m rectangle with a triangle (base 8 m, height 6 m) added. Total area = _____ m².

15. A Buddhist relic box is 20 cm × 15 cm × 10 cm. Find both its volume and total surface area. V = _____ cm³, SA = _____ cm².

---

 **QUARTER 4 --- INEQUALITIES, RATIONAL NUMBERS, AND STATISTICS**

---

__________________

Part 1: Write the expression

Translate each phrase into an algebraic expression. Use n for the unknown.

1. 5 more than a number: _____

2. 7 less than a number: _____

3. 3 times a number: _____

4. A number divided by 4: _____

5. Twice a number, increased by 6: _____

6. Half of a number, decreased by 2: _____

7. The product of 4 and a number, plus 9: _____

Part 2: Identify parts of an expression

For 7n + 12, identify each part.

8. Coefficient of n: _____ Constant: _____ Number of terms: _____

For 5x − 3 + 8y, identify each part.

9. Coefficients: _____ and _____ Constant: _____ Variables: _____ and _____ Number of terms: _____

Part 3: Evaluate the expression

Substitute the given value for the variable.

10. Evaluate 3n + 4 when n = 5: _____

11. Evaluate 2x − 7 when x = 10: _____

12. Evaluate 5a + 2b when a = 3 and b = 4: _____

13. Evaluate x² + 6 when x = 4: _____

14. Evaluate (n + 3) × 2 when n = 7: _____

Part 4: Word problems

15. A Spartan soldier earns d drachmas per day. Write an expression for his earnings over 7 days: _____

16. A bookseller charges $b for a scroll and $2 to deliver. Write an expression for the total cost of one scroll with delivery: _____

17. An Athenian assembly has p citizens; one-third leave early. Write an expression for the number who stayed: _____

__________________ Score: _____ / 10

1. Write "8 more than twice a number" as an expression using n: _____

2. In the expression 6x + 9, the coefficient of x is _____ and the constant is _____.

3. Evaluate 4n − 5 when n = 8: _____

4. Evaluate 2x + 3y when x = 5 and y = 2: _____

5. Simplify by combining like terms: 5x + 3x − 2x = _____

6. Simplify: 4y + 7 − y + 2 = _____

7. Apply the distributive property: 3(n + 6) = _____

8. Apply the distributive property: 5(2x − 4) = _____

9. Are 2(x + 3) and 2x + 6 equivalent? _____ Explain briefly.

10. A Greek theater has 5 sections, each with r rows of 8 seats. Write an expression for total seats and find its value when r = 12: Expression: _____, Total when r = 12: _____

__________________ Score: _____ / 15

1. 1,026 ÷ 19 = _____

2. 8,316 ÷ 33 = _____

3. 12.4 + 5.876 = _____

4. 20.5 − 9.27 = _____

5. 6.25 × 0.8 = _____

6. 9.6 ÷ 0.4 = _____

7. Translate "5 less than 3 times a number" into an expression: _____

8. Evaluate 4x + 7 when x = 6: _____

9. Evaluate 5a − 2b when a = 4 and b = 3: _____

10. Simplify: 7n + 4 − 3n − 1 = _____

11. Apply the distributive property: 4(3x + 2) = _____

12. Are 6(x + 2) and 6x + 12 equivalent? _____

13. A merchant earns d drachmas per day for 6 days, then a bonus of 10 drachmas. Write an expression and evaluate when d = 8: Expression: _____, Total: _____

14. A school of 1,575 students is divided into classes of 25 each. How many classes? _____

15. A Greek treasury has 1,248.50 drachmas to distribute equally to 5 temples. Amount per temple: _____ drachmas.

---

              **MID-YEAR FINAL ASSESSMENT (Q1 + Q2)**

---

__________________

Prompt:

Write a multi-paragraph informative essay (4--5 paragraphs) titled: "Three Things to Know About Mesopotamian Scribes."

Requirements:

• An introduction with a thesis statement that previews the three things you will discuss.

• Three body paragraphs, each focused on one of the three things, with at least one specific fact per paragraph.

• A conclusion that briefly summarizes and ends with a thought-provoking observation.

• Use at least 2 facts from Reading Passage 1B ("Scribes of Mesopotamia") and cite them.

• Smooth transitions between paragraphs.

Use the 4-Point Writing Rubric from the front of this package. You will be scored on Ideas, Organization, Evidence, and Conventions.

__________________ Score: _____ / 20

Part 1: Reading comprehension (5 points)

Re-read this short excerpt before answering.

__________________

Prompt:

Choose one major theme from Black Ships Before Troy (suggestions: the cost of glory, the power of fate, the limits of strength, the meaning of homecoming). Write a 3--4 paragraph informative essay explaining how Sutcliff develops this theme across the novel.

Requirements:

• Introduction that names the theme and previews two or three key episodes.

• Body paragraphs each focused on one episode. Quote at least one passage per paragraph.

• A conclusion that reflects on what the theme suggests about the ancient Greek world or about life today.

Use the 4-Point Writing Rubric.

__________________

Prompt:

Write a multi-paragraph informative essay (5--6 paragraphs) titled: "Roman and Han Chinese Engineering: A Comparison." Use Reading Passage 3C and at least one other source.

Requirements:

• Introduction that frames the comparison and states a clear thesis.

• At least one body paragraph on Roman engineering (use Reading Passage 3C).

• At least one body paragraph on Han Chinese engineering (research a second source).

• A paragraph comparing the two --- what is shared, what is different.

• A conclusion that reflects on what we can learn from both.

• Cite at least two sources at the end of the essay.

Use the 4-Point Writing Rubric.